Deflection is an important object controlled in the cantilever construction of continuous rigid-frame bridge. Its measured value is affected by many factors. It is of great significance to obtain the actual deflection of reflecting the structural stress from the measured deflection values in the construction control. Real signals are extracted from the measured deflection values by the improved adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm method to predict the deflection change of girder section to be poured. The construction camber is adjusted to make the actual state of construction approximate the theoretical calculation track and to achieve the construction monitoring. The application of practical engineering proves that this method has the good applicability.