高速公路隧道出口至互通立交最短距离的探讨

彭广银

摘要:

针对连续长下坡隧道出口与互通段的交通安全问题,从驾驶员的视认特性的角度出发,通过分析驾驶员在隧道出口与互通段获取标志信息并实施操作的过程,明确了交通标志在隧道内外时出口与互通的最小间距设置参数和计算方法；通过现场试验,研究出特长隧道出口处驾驶员瞳孔直径变化规律以及瞳孔直径变化比率波动幅度,计算出驾驶员在隧道出口的明适应时间均值为1.782s,建议交通标志位于隧道内外时隧道出口与互通段的最小间距分别为400m和500m。

Abstract:

Aiming at the traffic safety problem of exit and interchange section of continuous long downhill tunnel, from the viewpoint of driver"s visual characteristics, this paper clarifies the setting parameters of minimum distance between exit and interchange when traffic signs are inside and outside the tunnel by analyzing the process of driver"s obtaining sign information and carrying out operation at the exit and interchange section of the tunnel. Through field test, the change rule of driver"s pupil diameter at the exit of extra-long tunnel and the fluctuation range of pupil diameter change ratio are studied, and the average of driver"s apparent adaptation time at the exit of tunnel is calculated to be 1.782s. It is suggested that the minimum distance between tunnel exit and interchange section should be the minimum distance when traffic signs are located inside and outside the tunnel. 400 m and 500 m, respectively.