共享电单车在山地城市道路的适应性研究

Research on Adaptability of Shared Electric Bikes on Mountainous City Roads

摘要:

共享电单车作为“最后一公里”较好的出行选择，因其具有良好的驱动性和便捷性，在道路坡度较大的山地城市拥有较高的潜在出行需求。然而，作为一种新兴出行模式，共享电单车是否适应山地城市，山地城市道路如何适应并促进共享电单车的发展推广，目前尚无相关的研究。为填补该领域研究空白，提升共享电单车用户群体的出行安全，促进共享电单车在山地城市的推广，优化共享电单车在山地城市的规划布设，通过问卷调查、实地试验以及运营大数据分析等方法，分析了共享电单车用户的骑行体验、骑行偏好、道路爬坡能力、出行分布等信息，认为共享电单车用户的人行道骑行体验普遍劣于车行道骑行体验，在道路规划设计时，应结合实地道路路权使用情况，尽可能在车行道设置安全的非机动车道；共享电单车可以在坡度不超过12%的山地城市道路完成爬坡，但坡度超过11%时，电单车的骑行速度受到较大影响，建议设置非机动车道的道路最大纵坡控制在11%以内；电单车用户群体主要根据出行目的选择路线，且更愿意在宽阔的主、次干路骑行，建议在坡度小于11%的主、次干路设置电单车通勤路线；共享电单车需根据山地城市道路特点，增加及提升车辆本身的设备，如增加反光镜、夜间尾灯亮度等。

Abstract:

As a better travel choice for the last kilometer, the shared electric bike has the higher potential travel needs in the large road grade of mountainous cities because of its good power and convenience. However, as an emerging mode of travel, there is still no relevant research now on the shared electric bike whether or not to adapt the mountainous cities and the mountainous urban roads how to adapt and promote the development and popularization of shared electric bike. To fill in the research blank in this field, the travel safety of users is improved, the popularization of shared electric bikes is promoted in the mountainous cities and the planning layout of shared electric bike in mountainous city is optimized. Through the methods of questionnaire survey, field test and big-data operation analysis, the information and data of cycling experience, cycling preference, road gradeability and travel distribution of sheared electric bike users are analyzed. It is believed that the shared electric bike cycling experience of users on sidewalk is generally inferior to the cycling experience on roadway. In road planning and design process, combined with the situation of way right of on-site road, the safe bicycle lane should be set on the roadway as far as possible. The shared electric bikes can climb on mountainous urban roads with a slope less than 12%. But when the slope is more than 11%, the cycling speed is greatly affected. It is recommended that the maximum longitudinal slope of roadway with cycling lanes should be controlled within 11%. The electric bike users mainly choose the routes according to the travel purposes, and prefer to ride on broad main and secondary roads. It is suggested that commuting cycling lanes should be placed with main and secondary roads when the slope is less than 11%. Considering the characteristics of mountainous city roads, the equipment of shared electric bikes should be added and improved, such as adding the reflectors and the brightness of taillight at night.