城镇污水处理厂消毒处理技术的探讨

摘要:

2020年2月1日,生态环境部印发《关于做好新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情医疗污水和城镇污水监管工作的通知》( 环办水体函〔2020〕52 号) ,其中特别指出“地方生态环境部门要督促城镇污水处理厂切实加强消毒工作,确保出水粪大肠菌群数指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》( GB 18918—2002) 要求”。目前我国城镇污水处理厂所采用的消毒处理技术主要包括紫外、臭氧、次氯酸钠、二氧化氯,以及这些处理方式的组合。其中次氯酸钠消毒是目前污水处理厂应用最多的消毒处理方式,然而对于次氯酸钠消毒的工艺参数和运行效果尚缺乏统一的认识,在次氯酸钠投加量、消毒接触时间等关键参数上均存在问题,因此,本文综述了次氯酸钠投加量,消毒接触时间,水温,氧化还原电位(ORP),氨氮浓度等参数对次氯酸钠消毒效果影响的研究,以期为城镇污水处理厂消毒杀菌提供理论指导。

Abstract:

On February 1, 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued" the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Supervision of Medical Sewage and Urban Sewage in the Pneumonia Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Infection " (Huanban Shuitihan [2020] No. 52), which specifically pointed out that "local ecological and environmental departments should urge municipal wastewater treatment plants to strengthen disinfection work to ensure that the number of fecal coliforms in the effluent meets the requirements of the "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Municipal Wastewater Treatment plants" (GB 18918-2002)." At present, the disinfection treatment technologies used in municipal wastewater treatment plant in my country mainly include ultraviolet, ozone, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, and the combination of these treatment methods. Among them, sodium hypochlorite disinfection is currently the most widely used disinfection treatment technology in municipal wastewater treatment plants. However, there is still a lack of unified understanding of the process parameters and operating effects of sodium hypochlorite disinfection, and there are problems in key parameters such as sodium hypochlorite dosage and disinfection contact time. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects of sodium hypochlorite dosage, disinfection contact time, water temperature, ORP, ammonia nitrogen concentration and other parameters on the disinfection effect of sodium hypochlorite, in order to provide theoretical guidance for disinfection and sterilization of municipal wastewater treatment plants.