桥梁梳齿板式伸缩缝设计及施工控制要点

Control Essentials for Design and Construction of Bridge Comb Plate Expansion Joint

摘要:

区别于其他桥梁主体结构及附属设施，自桥梁上部结构建设起始至运营过程，受温度等因素影响，桥梁的伸缩变形即为一个动态变化过程。合理、健康的桥梁伸缩状态，需对桥梁伸缩量及伸缩缝安装宽度、主梁固定约束布置、主梁缝宽、产品选型、产品调试与现场安装、伸缩缝排水、过渡带混凝土防裂等方面进行综合性控制。然而，作为桥梁附属设施且又多为项目建设的收尾工序，伸缩缝相关内容往往不被设计、施工所重视。实际工程中简单通过厂供伸缩装置来实现桥梁伸缩性能控制的情况并不鲜见，而运营阶段，伸缩缝往往又是病害最频繁、养护负担最重的功能部件。基于此，以桥梁常用梳齿板式伸缩缝为例，对桥梁伸缩缝在设计与施工过程中的控制要点进行探讨，以点代面，以期为同类工程提供一定参考。

Abstract:

Different from other main structures and ancillary facilities of the bridge, affected by temperature and other factors, the expansion and deformation of the bridge is a dynamic change process from the construction of bridge superstructure to the operation process. For the reasonable and healthy bridge expansion state, it is necessary to comprehensively control the bridge expansion and expansion joint installation width, the fixed constraint arrangement of the main beam, the width of the main beam joint, the product selection, the product commissioning and on-site installation, the expansion joint drainage, the transition zone concrete crack prevention and other aspects. However, as a bridge auxiliary facility and the final process of project construction, the expansion joints are often not paid attention in design and construction. In practical engineering, it is not uncommon to control the expansions of bridges simply by means of factory supply expansion devices. During the operation phase, the expansion joints are often the functional parts with the most frequent diseases and the heaviest maintenance burden. On this basis, taking the commonly used bridge comb plate expansion joint as an example, the control essentials in the design and construction process of bridge expansion joint are discussed, which provides some reference for similar projects.