新型护栏碰撞特性仿真分析

Simulation Analysis on Collision Characteristics of New Guardrail

摘要:

混凝土护栏防撞能力强，变形程度小，但当车辆撞击时缓冲能力差且自重大。基于钢筋混凝土F型护栏，引入橡胶及钢板，设计一种新型组合护栏，通过允许一定变形以缓解由于车辆撞击造成的破坏，并在保证防撞功能的同时减轻自重。采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA及HyperMesh进行碰撞仿真分析，数值模拟结果表明：新型护栏较钢筋混凝土护栏的吸能效果更显著，且能有效降低撞击力峰值；新型护栏导向性较钢筋混凝土护栏好，能降低碰撞过程中的危害；护栏的设计过程中应重视护栏高度和根部直线段长度，在提高诱导能力的同时也需要防止汽车发生侧倾危害。

Abstract:

The concrete guardrail has the advantages of strong anti-collision ability and small deformation, but has poor buffer capacity for vehicle impact and has a large deadweight. Based on reinforced concrete F-type guardrail, by introducing the rubber and steel plate, a new combined guardrail is designed. By allowing a certain deformation to alleviate the damage caused by vehicle impact, and ensuring the anti-collision function at the same time, the deadweight can be reduced. The finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and HyperMesh are used to simulate and analyse the collision. The numerical simulation results show that the new guardrail can absorb energy more effectively than the reinforced concrete guardrail, and can effectively reduce the peak impact force. The new guardrail has better guidance than the reinforced concrete guardrail, and can reduce the hazard in the collision process. In the process of guardrail design, the attention should be paid to the height of guardrail and the length of the root straight section. While the induction ability is improved, it is also necessary to prevent the car from rolling hazard.