近25年国内外桥梁坍塌事故统计与分析

Statistics and Analysis of Bridge Collapse Accidents at Home and Abroad in the Past 25 Years

摘要:

我国桥梁数量在近25年增长迅猛，然而桥梁的非地震坍塌事故也屡见不鲜。统计近25年国内发生的桥梁坍塌事故，并根据事故桥梁所处阶段、结构类型、事故原因进行分类统计，同时列举了国外近年来发生的桥梁坍塌事故。经分析，桥梁在运营阶段发生坍塌事故的几率最大，而坍塌事故的主要原因为降雨和洪水，在不同的桥梁结构形式中，梁桥坍塌事故数量最多，而拱桥的坍塌比例最高。由此提出建立桥梁综合健康监测系统、深入开展科学研究、加大维管力度等对策，降低桥梁事故造成的损失。

Abstract:

The number of bridges in China has increased rapidly in the past 25 years. However， non-seismic collapse accidents of bridges have also occurred frequently. The bridge collapse accidents that have occurred in China over the past 25 years are counted. And according to the stage of the accident bridge， its structural type and the cause of the accident， the classification and statistics are conducted. At the same time， the bridge collapse accidents that have occurred abroad in recent years are listed. After analysis， the probability of a bridge collapse accident is the highest during its operation stage， and the main causes of the collapse accident are rainfall and floods. Among different forms of bridge structures， the beam bridges have the highest number of collapse accidents， while the arch bridges have the highest proportion of collapses. Based on this， the countermeasures such as establishing a comprehensive health monitoring system for bridges， conducting in-depth scientific research， and increasing maintenance and management efforts are proposed to reduce the losses caused by bridge accidents.