韧性视角下低影响开发设施布局多目标优化

Multi-objective Optimization on Layout of Low Impact Development Facilities from Perspective of Resilience

摘要:

为缓解近年来越来越严重的城市内涝积水问题，以西安市西咸新区某区域为研究案例，首先建立研究区域雨洪管理模型，进行节点韧性分析；其次，利用节点韧性分析结果改进OPUT方法，对韧性较差节点进行追踪，确定研究区域LID设施布设区域与种类；最后，以提升雨水系统韧性、LID布设面积最小以及成本最小为优化目标，建立多目标优化模型，利用NSGA2、AGEMOEA、SMSEMOA三种多目标优化算法进行求解对比分析。研究结果表明：（1）SMSEMOA算法的帕累托前沿解集质量最高，AGEMOEA算法的求解速率最快；（2）SMSEMOA算法韧性偏向下的典型方案对系统雨洪控制效果提升最大；（3）优化模型求解方案在P=5 a时地表径流削减能力最优，P＞5 a后优化方案功能逐渐下降。

Abstract:

In order to alleviate the more and more serious urban waterlogging problems in recent years, taking a certain area of Xixian New District of Xi'an City as a case study, a model is established to study the regional rainwater and flood management and to analyze the node toughness. By using the results of node toughness analysis, the OPUT method is improved to track the nodes with poor toughness. The layout area and types of LID facilities in the studied area are determined. Finally, with the optimization objectives of improving the toughness of the rainwater system， minimizing the LID layout area and minimizing the cost, a multi-objective optimization model is established. Three multi-objective optimization algorithms of NSGA2, AGEMOEA and SMSEMOA are used for solution, comparison and analysis. The results show that: (1) SMSEMOA algorithm has the highest quality of Pareto front solution set, and AGEMOEA algorithm has the fastest solution rate; (2) The typical scheme under the toughness bias of SMSEMOA algorithm has the greatest improvement of the system rainwater and flood control effects. (3) When P=5 a, the surface runoff reduction ability of the optimization model solution is the best, and the function of the optimization scheme gradually decreases after P > 5 a.