口岸枢纽总体设计创新与实践

Innovation and Practice in Overall Design of Port Hubs

摘要:

在全球经济一体化加速背景下，口岸枢纽作为跨境要素流通的核心载体，其规划设计亟需破解通关效率低下、交通组织失序与土地资源约束等多重矛盾。聚焦高密度城市群语境下口岸枢纽的集约化设计范式，旨在构建系统性的空间组织策略以提升国际门户枢纽的综合效能。基于交通工程学与空间组织理论，研究提出三维流线分层管控、通关流程时序优化、多式联运协同配置的集成设计策略。通过港珠澳大桥澳门口岸枢纽的立体化流线组织方案，以及横琴口岸“合作查验、一次放行”的智能通关模式创新，验证设计策略的可实施性。实践表明该设计策略显著提升了通关效率与交通疏解能力，为粤港澳大湾区跨境枢纽建设提供了技术范式，其创新经验可推广至“一带一路”口岸枢纽工程实践。

Abstract:

Under the accelerating background of global economic integration, as the core carrier of cross-border factor circulation, the planning and design of port hubs urgently need to solve the multiple contradictions such as low customs clearance efficiency, disorderly traffic organization and land resource constraints. The focus is on the intensive design paradigm of port hubs in the context of high-density urban agglomerations, which aims to establish the systematic spatial organization strategies to enhance the comprehensive efficiency of international gateway hubs. Based on the transportation engineering and spatial organization theory, an integrated design strategy featuring hierarchical control of three-dimensional flow lines, sequential optimization of customs clearance processes, and coordinated configuration of multi-modal transport is studied and proposed. The feasibility of design strategies is validated through the three-dimensional flow line organization scheme of the Macao Port Hub and the innovation of the intelligent customs clearance mode of "cooperative inspection and one-time release" at Hengqin Port of the Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge. The practice shows that the design strategy has significantly enhanced the efficiency of customs clearance and the capacity for traffic diversion, which provides the technical framework for cross-border hub development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Its innovative experience can be extended to the practice of the "Belt and Road" port hub projects.