Abstract:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the traffic congestion is becoming increasingly serious. Taking the 2023 Chongqing Urban Physical Examination Transportation Special Research as an example, on the basis of analyzing the existing evaluation index system for urban transportation, the deficiencies of the basic indicators in the urban physical examination guidelines of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development are pointed out. According to the relevant planning indicators of Chongqing City and the characteristics of a mountainous city, a comprehensive and regionally distinctive specialized physical examination index database has been established. The traffic operation status of the central urban area of Chongqing in 2023 is evaluated from three perspectives of facility construction, operational efficiency and service level. Based on this, the source of congestion is accurately located and the cause is identified, which proposes the suggestions and countermeasures to promote the transformation of achievements such as urban renewal and special management.