不同除味剂改性沥青的微观与性能研究

Microscopic and Performance Research on Asphalt Modified by Different Deodorizers

摘要:

为明确不同抑烟材料对沥青烟气排放及路用性能的影响，选取二氰二胺、高岭土和沸石三类材料，从微观孔结构、高温流变性能、10 ℃ 延度及180 ℃条件下烟气释放行为开展系统研究。结果表明，比表面积与孔容是影响抑烟效果的关键因素，沸石因微孔结构发达、吸附位点丰富，烟气抑制效果最佳；高岭土次之；二氰二胺以化学捕获为主。性能分析表明，沸石可显著提升高温模量与车辙因子，但因强吸附轻质组分导致10 ℃延度下降幅度较大；高岭土对沥青结构扰动较小，对低温延展性能影响相对温和；二氰二胺增强体系刚性，使延度明显降低。烟气测试显示，沸石对多类污染物的抑制效果最为显著。

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different smoke-suppressing materials on asphalt fume emissions and pavement performance, three materials of dicyandiamide, kaolin and zeolite are selected to systematically study the fume release behavior from the microscopic pore structure, high-temperature rheological properties, 10 ℃ ductility and 180 ℃ conditions. The results indicate that the specific surface area and pore volume are the key factors influencing the smoke suppression efficiency. Owing to its well-developed microporous structure and abundant adsorption sites, the smoke suppresion efficiency of zeolite is the best, followed by kaolin, while dicyandiamide is mainly captured by chemical means. The performance analysis shows that zeolite can significantly enhance the high-temperature modulus and rutting factor. However, due to the strong adsorption of light components, the ductility at 10 ℃ decreases significantly. Kaolin causes relatively minor disturbance to the asphalt structure and thus has a limited impact on low-temperature ductility. Whereas dicyandiamide increases system stiffness, resulting in a noticeable decrease in ductility. Fume emission tests further confirm that zeolite provides the highest suppression efficiency for multiple pollutants.