Abstract:To address the difficulty of achieving coordinated optimization among cost, construction duration, and carbon emissions in municipal road construction equipment configuration, a three-objective optimization model based on life-cycle cost (LCC) is developed for construction equipment allocation. The model comprehensively considers equipment purchase and operating costs, construction efficiency, and fuel-related carbon emissions. Under construction duration constraints and paving–compaction capacity matching constraints, the configuration decision-making process is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem involving cost–time–carbon trade-offs. The NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is employed to solve the model under different road-width construction scenarios, yielding a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. Additionally, the TOPSIS method is introduced for comprehensive evaluation of the alternative solutions, enabling selection of recommended equipment configurations. The results indicate a pronounced trade-off among the three objectives across different road widths: increasing the configuration scale can shorten the construction period, but both unit-area cost and carbon emissions rise simultaneously. In certain scenarios, the time-priority and low-carbon-priority solutions coincide, suggesting that under compact organization and constrained configuration scale, improving efficiency does not necessarily increase carbon emissions. The TOPSIS-recommended configuration achieves a favorable balance among the three objectives, providing quantitative decision support for equipment allocation and construction organization optimization.
