基于4R理论与SWMM模拟的西北平原地区村镇抗涝韧性评价研究

Research on Evaluation of Waterlogging Resistance Resilience of Villages and Towns in Northwest Plain Region Based on 4R Theory and SWMM Simulation

摘要:

陕西省西咸新区因传统防洪体系薄弱及快速城镇化引发的新兴内涝风险，导致抗涝脆弱性显著。为此，提出“韧性评价-内涝模拟-措施优化”的综合分析框架。首先，基于韧性4R（鲁棒性、冗余性、快速性、谋略性）框架构建村镇抗涝韧性评价体系，进行综合评价与空间分布特征分析；其次，选取典型村镇构建暴雨洪水管理模型（SWMM），模拟不同重现期降雨情景下的径流变化与积水分布，评价现状排水系统的响应能力。进一步结合低影响开发（LID）措施设定优化方案，开展仿真模拟。结果表明：地势低洼、排水系统老化、社会经济水平较低的村镇抗涝韧性普遍偏弱，合理配置透水铺装、雨水花园、植草沟等措施，能够有效削减径流量、延缓积水形成，显著提升村镇的洪涝应对能力。所作研究为类似村镇的洪涝风险管理与韧性提升提供了实践参考。

Abstract:

Due to the weak traditional flood control system and the emerging urban waterlogging risks caused by rapid urbanization in Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, the vulnerability to waterlogging is significant. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis framework of “resilience assessment - waterlogging simulation - measure optimization” is proposed. Firstly, an evaluation system for the waterlogging resistance resilience of villages and towns is constructed based on the 4R framework of resilience (robustness, redundancy, rapidity, and strategy). Secondly, typical villages and towns are selected to construct a stormwater management model (SWMM) to simulate the runoff changes and water accumulation distribution under different recurrence period rainfall scenarios and to evaluate the response capacity of the current drainage system. Further combined with the low-impact development (LID) measures, an optimization scheme is set up and the simulation is conducted. The results indicate that the villages and towns with low-lying terrain, aging drainage systems and low social and economic levels generally have weak flood resistance resilience. Reasonable configuration of permeable pavement, rainwater gardens, grass swales and other measures can effectively reduce the volume of runoff and delay the formation of water accumulation, significantly enhancing the flooding response capacity of villages and towns. The research result provides practical references for flooding risk management and resilience enhancement in similar villages and towns.