乡村小微湿地水环境治理的创新模式与应用研究

Study on Innovative Modes and Applications of Rural Micro-Wetlands in Water Environment Governance

摘要:

针对我国农村水环境治理面临的面源污染控制难、生态系统退化、治理成本高等问题，基于生态系统服务理论构建“小微湿地+”多元融合治理框架，提出生态拦截沟渠、梯级净化塘、生物浮岛耦合系统等技术集成方案，同时建立生态系统服务价值量化评估方法并揭示小微湿地碳汇机制。研究表明，小微湿地系统对氮、磷去除率分别达45%~85%和40%~80%，单位面积净化效率显著高于传统大型湿地；通过“小微湿地+有机产业”“生态旅游”“尾水治理”模式创新，实现了生态与经济效益的协同提升。为农村水环境综合治理提供了可推广、可复制的技术路径和模式参考。

Abstract:

Aiming at the prominent problems of difficult non-point source pollution control, ecosystem degradation and high governance cost in the rural water environment governance of China, a “micro-wetland +” multi-integration governance framework is constructed according to the ecosystem service theory. The technical integration schemes such as ecological interception ditches, stepwise purification ponds and biological floating island coupling systems are proposed. And at the same time, a quantitative evaluation method for ecosystem service value is established to reveal the carbon sink mechanism of micro-wetlands. The research result shows that the removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus by the micro-wetland system reach 45%~85% and 40%~80% respectively, and the purification efficiency per unit area is significantly higher than that of traditional large-scale wetlands. Through the innovation of modes such as “micro-wetland + organic industry”, “ecologic tourism” and “tailwater treatment”, the coordinated improvement of ecological and economic benefits is realized, which provides a promotable and replicable technical path and model reference for the comprehensive governance of rural water environments.