季节性河道洪枯水位间生态韧性修复技术

Ecological Resilience Restoration Technology between Flood and Low Water Levels of Seasonal River

摘要:

北方季节性河道存在洪枯水位落差大、径流时空分布不均，传统硬质护岸、裁弯取直、束水行洪的治理模式，易造成河道水陆交错带生境破碎、枯水期河道断流裸露、生态功能退化等问题，无法兼顾河道防洪安全与生态保护需求。依托青岛张村河生态治理工程，摒弃传统单一“束水”治水理念，开展多自然弹性河道形态重构、生态驳岸改造、分段蓄水与常态化生态补水、洪枯水位变动区生境修复与植被重建等四项核心技术研究，有效修复季节性河道剧变水位区的水陆交互生态功能。治理后河道行洪达标率达100%，水体自净能力提升40%，河道水生生物栖息环境得到显著改善。研究成果可为北方同类型高落差、陡比降季节性河道的生态复苏与综合治理提供可复制技术方案。

Abstract:

Seasonal rivers in the northern China have large differences in flood and low water levels and uneven temporal and spatial distribution of runoff. The traditional management model of hard revetment, straightening and diverting water for flood discharge is prone to causing problems such as the fragmentation of the habitat in the water-land interlaced zone of the river, the drying up and exposure of the river during the low water season, and the degradation of ecological functions, making it difficult to balance the flood control safety and ecological protection of river. Relying on the Qingdao Zhangcun River Ecological Restoration Project, the conventional single water-restraining governance concept is abandoned, and four core technologies, namely multi-natural elastic river morphology reconstruction, ecological revetment renovation, segmented water storage and regular ecological water replenishment, and habitat restoration and vegetation reconstruction in fluctuating water level zones, are analyzed to effectively restore the water-land interactive ecological functions in areas with drastic water level changes in seasonal rivers. After treatment, the compliance rate of flood discharge in rivers reaches 100%, the self-purification capacity of water bodies is increased by 40%, and the habitat environment for aquatic organisms in rivers is significantly improved. The research outcomes can provide the replicable technical solutions for the ecological restoration and comprehensive regulation of similar seasonal rivers with large water level differences and steep gradients in northern China.